Mutual Funds vs Exchange Traded Funds (ETFs)

May 14, 2019

Mutual Funds vs Exchange Traded Funds (ETFs)


We’re four months into 2019 and we’ve seen a sharp increase in the major stock market indices with the Dow +13.45% and the S&P 500 +16.56% as of the end of April. Participating in this type of broad-based growth as an investor can be accomplished in a handful of ways - primarily with mutual funds and exchange traded funds (ETFs). There are distinct differences between these two investment products - and it’s not uncommon for us to receive questions on the details of how they work.


Both types of investment products - ETFs and Mutual Funds - were created from the concept of pooled fund investing. Pooled funds bundle securities (stocks, bonds..etc) together to offer investors the benefit of diversification. Typically, a mutual fund or ETF will hold anywhere from 100 to 3,000 different individual securities within the fund. Diversification can help an investor manage risk and reduce volatility associated with individual stocks and bonds. When the value of a single stock or bond drops, it has a smaller effect on the value of a diversified investment than it would if you held the stock or bond individually. Mutual Funds became available in 1924 while ETFs first began trading in 1993 and were originally created to track an index such as the S&P 500. 


While both were founded on the same basic concept of diversification, they are very different in many respects. One major difference is that mutual funds trade through the mutual fund company or broker at the end of a trading day while an ETF trades on an exchange and is available to trade at any point during the trading day. Mutual funds typically have higher expense ratios compared to ETFs and can carry an up-front sales load ranging from 3.75% to 5.75% if a Class-A share. Another drawback of mutual funds is the periodic payout of capital gains distributions to the investors causing greater tax implications if held outside an IRA or 401(k). Mutual funds offer more actively-managed portfolios than ETFs since ETFs often track an index, however actively-managed ETFs are becoming more common. 


Annual Organic Growth Rate of Mutual Funds vs. ETFs 2008 through 2018 - Morningstar, Inc.


While ETFs carry some distinct advantages, mutual funds still made up about 80% of the $18 Trillion in total assets held between ETFs and mutual funds at the end of 2017. Why is this? First, they have been around much longer but they’re still the primary offering in most corporate retirement plans, such as 401(k) and 403(b) plans. ETFs experienced an organic growth rate of 16.5% per year over a 10-year period spreading from 2008 through 2017 while mutual funds grew at a 2% clip. Organic growth rate does not factor in investment performance but reflects where investors are putting their new investment dollars. As investments in ETFs (with firms such as BlackRock and Vanguard) continue to increase, investors benefit from lower expense ratios.   In many cases, mutual fund expenses are being reduced in an attempt to be more competitive with ETFs. We expect to see a continued shift from the use of mutual funds to ETFs due to the numerous advantages of ETFs and the focus on lower investment costs.

April 17, 2025
Below is a link to a recent BBC article - that we had the honor of being interviewed for - with commentary from us on what the tariffs could mean to Nike and the footwear industry: BBC - Nike and Tariffs
April 11, 2025
What a Week: Let’s Unpack It It’s been a roller coaster in the markets this week - sharp declines, sharp rebounds, and a fair bit of investor whiplash. But amid the headlines and volatility, there are a few key themes worth highlighting. Equity Markets The biggest jolt came midweek when markets staged a strong bounce on Wednesday. What changed? President Trump announced a 90-day pause on proposed tariffs, easing tensions and giving the market a breather. That news helped shift sentiment, and we saw equities snap back after several tough sessions. This week, the S&P 500 surged over 9%. However, since the tariff announcement after market close on April 2nd, the index remains down more than 5%. Bond Market On the fixed income side, the bond market is telling its own story. The 10-year Treasury yield has been rising, signaling renewed expectations around inflation, future Fed moves, or simply a re-pricing of risk. For investors with balanced portfolios, this matters - rising yields affect not just bonds, but also equity valuations and borrowing costs. Volatility Finally, it’s worth remembering that volatility, while uncomfortable, has often paved the way for strong market recoveries. Historically, when the CBOE Volatility Index ’VIX’ (which simply shows how concerned investors are about the stock market going up and down in the near future) spikes above 40, a level it hit earlier this week, the S&P 500 has averaged a 30% gain over the following 12 months, with a 95% likelihood of a positive return. The VIX reached as high as 60 midweek before pulling back to around 44 by early Friday. While past performance doesn’t guarantee future results, it does offer helpful perspective during turbulent times. Keeping Perspective At times like these, it’s important to remember that market volatility is not unusual and it’s part of the investing. As always, we’re keeping a pulse on the market, keeping our long-term view in mind while watching for short-term shifts. If the recent swings have raised questions or you’d just like to talk through your portfolio, we’re here. Don’t hesitate to reach out. Sometimes a quick conversation can go a long way in bringing clarity and confidence. We also know this kind of market movement can feel unsettling - and you're not alone in that. Just know that we’re here for you, and we’re always ready to talk things through whenever you need.
April 4, 2025
Markets Took a Hit Yesterday and They're Still Sliding Today. Here's What to Know. The markets had a tough day yesterday and unfortunately, the selling hasn’t let up much today either. To recap: on Thursday, the Dow fell about 1,500 points (roughly 3.5%), while the S&P 500 and Nasdaq were down 4% and 5%, respectively. The Russell 2000, which tracks smaller companies, dropped nearly 6% and officially dipped into bear market territory. Today, markets are still under pressure as investors digest the impact of what sparked all this: a sweeping new round of tariffs announced by President Trump. What’s Going On? President Trump rolled out a plan to impose “reciprocal tariffs” on imports from over 180 countries. The goal, according to the administration, is to level the playing field claiming that many countries charge the U.S. more to import goods than we charge them. Here’s the short version: A 10% baseline tariff applies broadly, but many countries are facing much higher rates. China is now subject to a 54% total tariff when you include previous rounds. The EU is hit with a 20% tariff, Japan 24%, India 26%, and Vietnam tops the list at 46%. Others, like the U.K., Brazil, Singapore, and Australia, are seeing the baseline 10%. The market wasn’t expecting anything this aggressive, and the sharp reaction reflects concerns about rising costs, slower global trade, and the potential for an economic slowdown. Who’s Getting Hit the Hardest? Some sectors and companies are feeling the pain more than others: Retailers that rely on cheap imports saw massive drops Big international players like Apple fell hard as well, even if their direct exposure to tariffs is limited. Tech in general is having a rough stretch, as it usually does during high-volatility periods. Smaller companies, especially those more exposed to cost swings, were heavily sold off. That said, not everything was red: Real estate investment trusts (REITs) held up better than most. With bond yields falling, some investors shifted into interest rate–sensitive sectors like real estate. International companies with minimal exposure to the U.S. weathered the storm relatively well. Fixed income has held up relatively well considering a drop in the 10-year treasury rate touching 4%. What Happens Next? That’s the big question and part of the reason markets are still sliding today. There’s a lot of uncertainty around how long these tariffs will last, whether other countries will retaliate (China already has with a 34% tariff announced today) and how all of this plays into inflation, interest rates, and the broader economy. Bottom line: we’re in wait-and-see mode, and markets don’t love uncertainty. What Should Investors Do? Here’s our advice: don’t panic. Sharp drops like this can be unsettling, but they’re not unusual and reacting emotionally usually does more harm than good. During times like this, it can be difficult to see through the uncertainty. Something to keep in mind….Since 1975, the 50 best stock market days were preceded by an average market decline of 6.7% over one month and 10.2% over two months. If you’re a long-term investor, days like these are part of the journey. And if you’ve got cash on the sidelines, there may be some solid buying opportunities emerging. And if you’re unsure what your next move should be? That’s okay, too. Sometimes the smartest play is to sit tight, stay diversified, and not let short-term noise throw you off your long-term plan. As always, if you want to talk through what’s going on or explore any opportunities, we’re just a call or message away.
March 12, 2025
Volatility Returns: What’s Driving the Market Swings? After a period of relative calm, stock market volatility has surged to levels not seen since late 2020. Last Friday marked the end of a streak of six consecutive trading days where the S&P 500 moved up or down by more than 1%. What’s causing this stock market whiplash, and what should investors make of it? Tariff & Trade Uncertainty In the run-up to the 2024 Presidential Election, now-President Trump considered import tariffs to be a central part of his economic plan. The implementation of tariffs - targeting both allies (Canada & Mexico) and rivals (China) - has introduced significant uncertainty, fueling market instability. Whether these tariffs serve as a negotiation tactic for fairer trade or a means to pressure bordering nations on immigration and drug control, the lack of clarity is breeding concerns about economic growth and stock market volatility. Each day, and sometimes each hour, brings another curveball. Investors remember Trump’s first term when U.S./China trade tensions in 2018 led to a turbulent market. In Q4 2018, the S&P 500 dropped 13.5%, wiping out healthy year-to-date gains. Stock Market Impact The S&P 500 has already experienced a 10% drawdown from its February 18th peak. Last week, the Nasdaq entered correction territory, and now sits 12% off its recent high as investors sought alternatives such as fixed income, dividend-paying equities, and international markets. The correlation between tariff discussions and market pullbacks is no coincidence. The uncertainty surrounding these policies has led investors to take a more defensive stance, shifting toward value-oriented stocks and away from high growth sectors. Historically, the S&P 500 experiences declines of 5% roughly once per year, while 10% corrections happen about every other year. While the triggers for these declines may change -this time, tariffs and geopolitics - the pattern of market corrections remains a normal part of investing. Shifting Tides - The Case for Diversification Following is something we frequently discuss on CNBC - in fact we did so yesterday on Power Lunch. Watch Matt’s latest appearance here:
February 4, 2025
Deepseek and its Low Cost Claims The final week of January was a whirlwind for the stock market, with tech stocks taking center stage. On Monday, the Nasdaq saw its sharpest decline in over a month following news from China about DeepSeek, a ChatGPT competitor. NVIDIA, a dominant force in AI infrastructure, faced a staggering setback, losing nearly $600 billion in market value - the largest single-day dollar loss in U.S. stock market history. DeepSeek claims to operate at a fraction of the cost of U.S. competitors, requiring less processing memory to train and run. While the long-term implications remain uncertain, this development introduces increased volatility and uncertainty in the near term. Earnings Sensitivity Last week also brought earnings reports from four of the Magnificent Seven, along with other key U.S. companies. So far, 77% of S&P 500 companies that have reported Q4 2024 earnings have exceeded expectations, while 63% have surpassed revenue estimates (FACTSET). Historically, positive earnings surprises have led to modest stock price increases, while negative surprises resulted in declines. However, recent quarters have shown heightened market sensitivity to earnings results. For example, IBM exceeded expectations and issued a strong outlook, leading to a 13% one-day gain. Conversely, Lockheed Martin fell 9% after reporting lower-than-expected revenue and offering cautious guidance. Recently, S&P 500 companies that beat both sales and earnings expectations saw an average stock price gain of 3.6% post-announcement, well above the five-year average of 0.9%. Meanwhile, companies that missed estimates saw an average 5% decline, compared to the historical average of 3.1%. Market Concentration With the S&P 500 trading at above-average earnings multiples, investors are watching earnings reports closely. All 11 sectors of the index are expected to see earnings growth in 2024. Why does this matter? The Magnificent Seven currently make up 30% of the S&P 500’s value and accounted for 50% of the index’s gains in 2024. To sustain market growth, the remaining 493 companies will need to contribute more significantly. While the market has reached new highs over the past two years, those gains have been driven by a small group of companies. For context, the only other time such a limited number of stocks dominated performance over a two-year period was during the late-90s dot-com bubble. This narrow market leadership presents a double-edged sword. On one hand, it raises concerns about whether a handful of companies can continue to outperform. On the other, it creates an opportunity for broader market participation, with the rest of the S&P 500 looking more attractive from a valuation and diversification perspective. Periods of concentrated market leadership often lead to increased volatility as investors weigh sticking with what has worked - the Magnificent Seven - versus diversifying to reduce risk. The S&P 500 is currently top-heavy, with its 10 largest companies accounting for 30% of the index. January managed to post gains, but not without some turbulence. We expect market volatility to rise in 2025, compared to the relative calm of the past two years. Last but not Least - Tariffs Additionally, tariffs have recently moved to the forefront. While new tariffs on Mexico and Canada were announced and then delayed by a month, the U.S. moved forward with tariffs on China. The uncertainty surrounding potential tariff impacts adds another layer of market unpredictability. In summary, markets face increasing uncertainty from new AI competition, earnings sensitivity, narrow leadership, and trade policy developments. While diversification may not have been "in style" in recent years, it remains a valuable tool for managing volatility. As always, investors should maintain a long-term perspective and avoid getting caught up in short-term market swings. If you have questions or concerns about your individual situation, please don’t hesitate to contact us.
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